spectre de permanganate de potassium

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UV/VIS Spectroscopy and Spectrophotometry: Spectrophotometric Analysis of Potassium Permanganate Solutions

Most analytical methods require calibration (a process that relates the measured analytical signal to the concentration of analyte, the substance to be analyzed). The three most common analysis methods include the preparation and use of a calibration curve, the standard addition method, and the internal standard method. In this experiment we will use spectrophotometry to prepare a calibration curve for the quantitative analysis of KMnO 4 .

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Solutions colorées/L'absorbance

L' absorbance , notée A , est une grandeur positive sans unité qui caractérise la capacité d'une solution à absorber une radiation de longueur d'onde donnée.

Plus la solution aura tendance à absorber une radiation de longueur d'onde λ et plus la valeur A pour cette longueur d'onde sera élevée .

L'appareil permettant de mesurer l’absorbance d'une solution pour chaque radiation du domaine visible, on peut alors obtenir le spectre d'absorption de la solution.

Cette solution absorbe surtout les radiations autour de 530  nm , la radiation verte. Les radiations bleue et rouge sont diffusées donc la solution est magenta par synthèse additive.

C'est une solution de permanganate de potassium.

L'absorbance d'une solution pour une longueur d'onde dépend :

• de la concentration molaire (en espèce chimique colorée)
• de l’ épaisseur
• des propriétés de l'espèce chimique colorée

On peut déterminer l'absorbance A λ d'une solution colorée pour une longueur d'onde donnée par la loi de Beer-Lambert  :

• ε λ  : coeffecient d'extinction molaire de l'espèce chimique pour une radiation de longueur d'onde λ (L mol -1 cm -1 ).
• l  : longueur de la cuve à spectrophotométrie (cm)
• C  : concentration molaire en espềce chimique colorée dans la solution (mol L -1 ou g L -1 si massique)

Quelles sont les radiations absorbées par cette solution ?

Rappeler le spectre de la lumière blanche

On rappelle le spectre de la lumière blanche et les couleurs qui le composent.

Le spectre de la lumière blanche est le suivant :

Repérer les couleurs qui ont été absorbées

On repère les couleurs qui ont été absorbées par la solution : une bande sombre apparaît à leur place.

Pour simplifier, on divise le spectre de la lumière blanche en ses trois composantes primaires : le rouge, le vert et le bleu.

Ici, on remarque que le rouge et le bleu restent apparents, alors que le vert est totalement caché par la bande noire :

La solution de permanganate de potassium absorbe le vert.

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ultraviolet/visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy of potassium permanganate

• Ultraviolet/Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy of Potassium Permanganate

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Maximum absorption, max absorption kmno4, entire uvvis region, reclaimed wateruse uvvis, industrypotassium permanganate, speed of light, irradiance energy.

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DESCRIPTION

Ultraviolet/Visible (UV-Vis) Ultraviolet/Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy of Potassium Spectroscopy of Potassium

PermanganatePermanganateBy Robert BohmanBy Robert Bohman

November 4November 4thth 2006 2006

CH EN 4903CH EN 4903

Importance to industryImportance to industry

• Potassium Permanganate is used to kill bacteria in reclaimed water

• Use UV-Vis to ensure that the concentration of Potassium Permanganate is at acceptable limit

OverviewOverview

• Light Absorption Spectrum

• Experimental Procedure

• Conclusion

• Q & A

THEORYTHEORY

Properties of LightProperties of Light11

• c = λν c = speed of light in vacuum (2.998 x 108 m/s)

λ = wavelength (m)

v = frequency (Hz) • E = hc/ λ = hcv`

h = Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10-34 J•s)

v` = wavenumber (m-1)

Understanding Beer’s LawUnderstanding Beer’s Law22

• Transmittance T = P/P0

Schematic of Single-Beam Spectrophotometer, P0 is the irradiance entering sample, P is the irradiance leaving sample, and b is pathlength2

P = irradiance (energy per unit area of light beam)

Understanding Beer’s LawUnderstanding Beer’s Law33

• Absorbance A = log (P/P0) = -log (T)

• Beer’s Law A = εbc

ε = molar absorptivity (M-1 cm-1)

b = pathlength (cm)

c = concentration (M)

LIGHT ABSORPTION LIGHT ABSORPTION SPECTRUMSPECTRUM

Absorption Spectrum of LightAbsorption Spectrum of Light44

Wavelength of maximum absorption (nm)

Color Absorbed Color Observed

380 – 420 Violet Green-Yellow

420 - 440 Violet-Blue Yellow

440 – 470 Blue Orange

470 – 500 Blue-Green Red

500 – 520 Green Purple

520 – 550 Yellow-Green Violet

550 – 580 Yellow Violet-Blue

580 – 620 Orange Blue

620 – 680 Red Blue-Green

680 - 780 Purple Green

EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

Detecting Potassium Detecting Potassium PermanganatePermanganate

• Potassium permanganate (KMn04) in solution is purple / violet color meaning maximum absorption should be at 500 – 550 nm

• Prepared 5 known concentrations of KMnO4: 1ppm, 20ppm, 40ppm, 60ppm, 80ppm

• Calibration Standards measured first on a Perkins-Elmer Lambda 35 over entire UV-Vis region to determine max absorption

• KMnO4 absorbed best at ≈ 520 nm

• A Bausch & Lomb Spectronic 21 was used to make all measurements

RESULTSRESULTS

UV-Vis Absorbance Readings for UV-Vis Absorbance Readings for Potassium Permanganate at 520 nmPotassium Permanganate at 520 nm

Average %A (after 3 runs)

Standard Deviation (%A)

1 ppm 0.015 0.004

20 ppm 0.256 0.001

40 ppm 0.520 0.004

60 ppm 0.753 0.002

80 ppm 1.046 0.001

Unknown #4 0.462 0.001

Calibration Curve for KMnOCalibration Curve for KMnO44 using UV-Vis using UV-Vis

Spectroscopy, Absorption vs. ConcentrationSpectroscopy, Absorption vs. Concentration

y = 0.0129x

R2 = 0.9990

0 20 40 60 80 100

Concentration (ppm)

Determination of Unknown Determination of Unknown Concentration of KMnOConcentration of KMnO44

• Used cuvette of 1cm length

• ε = slope of line = 0.029 ppm-1 cm-1

• Unknown #4 concentration found using

c = A/0.029

• 36 ppm = 0.462 %A / 0.029 ppm-1

Error AnalysisError Analysis

• Used 10.00 ± 0.05mL volumetric pipette to make all solutions

• Measured density of water with:

= (999.8392 + 16.945176t – 7.9870401*10-3t2 – 46.170461*10-6t3 + 105.56302*10-9t4 – 280.54253*10-12t5)/(1 + 16.879850*10-3t)5

H2O = 0.997883 g/mL at 21.5°C

• Measured accuracy of scale to be 0.0005g

Error in UnknownError in Unknown

• Errors determined graphically from calibration curve

• A = ± 0.01%

• Concentration = ± 1.00 ppm

• Final concentration of Unknown #4 was

36 ± 1.00 ppm

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

ConclusionConclusion

• How accurate are results?

Can be determined by R2 value for slope of calibration curve.

For this example R2 = 0.999

• Use Beer’s law to determine concentration of unknown concentration

• Find the molar absorptivity through the slope of calibration curve

• Determined ε = 0.029 ppm-1 cm-1

• Determined Unknown #4 concentration to be 36 ± 1.00 ppm

Q & AQ & A

Special ThanksSpecial Thanks

To Triston Thorpe and Jason To Triston Thorpe and Jason Judkins in helping with the Judkins in helping with the

experimentexperiment

ReferencesReferences

1. Harris, Daniel C. Sixth Edition Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Pg. 408-409. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2003.

2. Harris, Daniel C. Sixth Edition Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Pg. 410. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2003.

3. Harris, Daniel C. Sixth Edition Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Pg. 411-412. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2003.

4. Harris, Daniel C. Sixth Edition Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Pg. 413. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2003.

5. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Pg. F-6. Cleveland, Ohio: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1968.

CAIROX POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE FREE …es....Free-Flowing Grade is recommended where potassium permanganate is subjected to high humidity conditions and where the material is to be

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spectre du permanganate de potassium

Bonjour, Le spectre du permanganate de potassium est un spectre dit de bande d'absorption ; le vert étant absorbé. Par contre considère-t-on ce spectre comme continu ou discontinu ? De même pour les LEDs, on obtient des bandes continues allant du jaune au vert pour une LED verte par exemple. Peut-on considérer le spectre comme continu ? Merci d'avance pour votre aide.

Re : spectre du permanganate de potassium

Bonjour. Le spectre de permanganate est bien un spectre de bandes et il est continu. Le spectre des LEDs est aussi continu par la manière où les photons sont crées. Au revoir.

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spectre permanganate de potassium

Bonjour, le spectre d'absorption du permanganate est il representé par des raies fines ou par des bandes epaisses de rouge puis orange puis noir puis violet (de gauche a droite) ? Merci

Bonjour, Pour le permanganate de potassium, le spectre absorbé est compris entre 500 et 600 nm environ c'est-à-dire le vert ... Donc c'est une bande assez large.

D'accord merci. La largeur a peu d'importance si c'est très épais ou assez fin ? Bonne soirée

C'est à peu près le quart du spectre visible donc c'est assez large.

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