s&s 34 yacht

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In the August 2024 issue of Yachting World magazine: News Few finish a tempestuous Round The Island Race European rules are eased for cruising to France and Greece Olympic sailing…

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World’s coolest yachts: S&S 34

• August 5, 2021

We ask top sailors and marine industry gurus to choose the coolest and most innovative yachts of our times. This month Don McIntyre nominates S&S 34

The most innovative all-time classic is the S&S 34. As a class they appeared in 1967, a year before the first Golden Globe Race, and Ted Heath [then leader of the opposition and later UK Prime minister], won the 1969 Sydney Hobart in his Morning Cloud .

About 200 have been built since, including 130 in Australia where they are loved to this day. Only one has ever been lost at sea and they are renowned for their heavy weather performance.

Photo: Reuters/Alamy

In 2008, when deciding on a boat to support 15-year-old Jessica Watson’s dream to become the youngest ever, solo non-stop unassisted sailor, the choice was easy.

Jon Saunders in Perie Banou twice circumnavigated solo breaking 12 world records. David Dicks as a 17-year-old took the family S&S 34 Seaflight around solo nonstop, followed shortly after by Jesse Martin, also 17, solo and unassisted on Lionheart . Jessica on Pink Lady [then unofficially took] the record from him, and it still stands today!

S&S 34 stats rating:

Top speed: 7 knots LOA: 10.23m Launched: 1967 Berths: 6 Price: £22,000 Adrenalin factor: 20%

Don McIntyre

Australian explorer Don McIntyre finished 2nd in class in the 1990/91 BOC Challenge solo around the world race, recreated the Mutiny on the Bounty, and resurrected the Golden Globe Race in 2018.

He is currently organising the 2023 Ocean Globe Race, celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the original Whitbread, amongst other events.

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Sparkman & Stephens “S&S 34”

Sail Number:

Vessel Type: S&S 34

“Quikpoint Azzurro” Specifications

LOA: 33′ 6″ / 10.2m – LWL: 24′ 2″ / 7.4m – Beam: 10′ 1″ / 3.1m – Draft: 5′ 10″ / 1.8m – Design Number: – Rig: Bermudan Sloop – Displacement: 11,000 – 13,000 lbs / 4,900kg – 5,900kg – Ballast: – Sail Area: 592 – 700 sq ft / 55 – 65m2 – Designer: Sparkman & Stephens – Built By: – Original Owner: Michael Winfield – Current Owner: – Designed: 1968  

Historical:

British yachtsman, and PR agent Michael Winfield commissioned Olin Stephens to design a 34′ production racer-cruiser, the resulting design was established as a new class in 1968 and quickly achieved great racing success.

One of Mr. Winfield’s first customers was former Conservative Prime Minister Sir Edward Heath. A novice sailor with a keen eye and after seeing one at the 1969 London Boat Show, so impressed with the design he order one. The same year Sir Edward Heath entered and won the 1969 Sydney Hobart race, the second Brit to win this prestigious race in its history. So began the distinguished racing career and dominance on racing podiums throughout the world.

Provenance (The Wall of Remembrance – The Owners, Notable Guest, and Reunion Information):

Owner/Guardian: (1968) Michael Winfield

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S&S 34 Association

Welcome to the sparkman and stephens 34 site.

The new SS34 specifications

The S&S 34 is now back in production using the latest high tech construction!

The Sparkman & Stephens 34 is one of the most famous cruiser/racers of the last 40 years. She still holds numerous world records for long distance sailing and remains very competitive racing under IRC, achieving 3rd place in her Division of the 2007 Sydney Hobart race, along with recent Western Australian Offshore championships. She can win races against the best competition but is still a safe, comfortable long distance cruiser, easy to sail short handed.  Most current race boats of her size cannot do this.

The S&S 34 has legendary seaworthiness, and many have completed circumnavigations, including the single handed double circumnavigation of Jon Sanders. Thanks to the genius of her designer Olin Stephens she is a beautifully balanced boat that is a delight to sail and very easy and safe to handle shorthanded. For more information see the S&S 34 Information section.

The S&S 34 moulds originally owned by Swarbrick Brothers Yachts were sold to a builder in Eastern Australia in 1986. Some boats were built in the late 1980s but production then ceased. The moulds were brought back to WA by Mike Finn of Cottesloe Yachts. Fortunately the moulds had been kept in excellent condition and in consultation with Sparkman & Stephens were refurbished to accommodate the latest vacuum infusion technology.

The latest generation S&S 34 is now built by Swarbrick & Swarbrick  Composites in Henderson, Western Australia under license to Cottesloe Yachts and Sparkman & Stephens Inc.

The construction has been totally reengineered by the world’s leading marine composite engineering company SP Systems (now part of the Gurit Group), using the highest quality foam core, stitched quadaxial fabrics and vacuum infusion using 100% vinylester resin. This technology is used on the world’s best custom race boats and has resulted in an extremely strong, stiff, lightweight hull and deck with excellent impact resistance.

The internal bulkheads and furniture are also of vinylester foam core construction, The internal furniture is bonded directly to the hull with no inner liners being used, unlike most mass production boats built today. The result is unparalleled lightness and strength, with the entire structure one solidly bonded unit. This not only improves performance but adds a great factor of safety. The 100% vinylester construction not only adds strength but also means no future problems with osmosis, unlike the cheaper polyester resins used by most mass production boat builders.

She is craftsman built to the highest standards by Swarbrick & Swarbrick Yachts and designed to last a lifetime. There is scope for custom fit out to suit your personal requirements. There are few if any new yachts that can combine safe, comfortable long distance cruising ability with the ease of handling of the S&S 34 and at the same time be responsive, fun to sail and have real race winning potential under IRC.

S&S 34 Specifications

The new S&S 34 is available in various stages of completion, with the most basic being a complete boat to “lockup” stage, ready for fit out. The 2010 price for a complete boat to this stage is $158,000. For details on what is included in this package please click here. She is also available fully fitted to “sail away” specification. The standard specification is listed below, but there is a wide range of options and ability for owners to customise to their own requirements. For further information please contact Mike Finn of Cottesloe Yachts on 0419 845 336 or email him [email protected] or contact Glenn Swarbrick at Swarbrick & Swarbrick .

S&S 34 Hull and Deck

S&s 34 deck fittings, s&s 34 mast & rigging, s&s 34 sails, s&s 34 engine, s&s 34 electrics & lighting, s&s 34 water systems, s&s 34 interior, s&s 34 galley, s&s 34 head & shower, s&s 34 cockpit, s&s 34 sundry equipment.

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The hull and deck mouldings are laid up using ultra high quality vinylester resin, top quality SP quadaxial stitched cloth and Gurit “Core-Cell” foam core. Vacuum bagged resin infusion layup ensures maximum glass/resin ratio with no voids. The standard price allows a wide range of colour schemes.

• Boot stripe included, incorporated into hull gel coat, choice of many colours
• External lead keel (2365kg) cast in 1 piece with 9 x 19mm 316 S/S keel bolts cast into keel. 316 S/S nuts with extra large 12mm thick backing plates. Lead is hardened with antimony.
• Total displacement: 4900kg approx (with full cruising fitout).
• Integral floor webs and mast step using triaxial cloth with unidirectional capping. Engineered by SP Systems for maximum strength and structural rigidity
• Deck and hull are bonded together with hand laid vinylester fibreglass to form one solid unitary structure for maximum strength and no leaks. The bond does not depend upon bolting through a toerail for strength.
• Glass fibre rudder with 65mm 316L stainless steel stock. Welded on tangs and then heat treated. Hand laid with majority quadaxial cloths and completely filled with PVC foam Laminated timber tiller with bronze rudder head fitting and 316 S/S hinge fitting
• Self-draining cockpit with 2x 2″ Forespar Marelon skin fittings connected to cockpit drains with reinforced PVC flexible pipe.
• Non-skid surface to side deck, coach roof and cockpit
• Anchor locker sealed from interior and self-draining directly outboard. 10mm stainless steel u-bolt fitted for attachment of anchor line.
• Epoxy hi-build and antifouling paint on bottom, colours optional. Port and registration number painted on side
• 316 Stainless steel pulpit and pushpit
• Dual stainless steel lifelines
• 316 stainless steel bow fitting with optional bow roller
• Lewmar Pro-Series 1000 electric windlass with mounting in anchor well, circuit breaker, wiring and switch. Remote control an additional option. other windlass options available on request
• Spray rails for dodger on coach roof
• Sloping bilge with sump (recommended if automatic electric bilge pump is specified)
• Carbon fibre tiller
• Shelf in anchor well
• Shelf in cockpit locker

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Deck fittings are of the highest quality Ronstan, to specifications normally found on much larger yachts.  Anderson self tailing winches are standard. Anderson winches are recognised by many as the world’s finest, easy to use, gentle on sheets, only slightly heavier than alloy racing winches but built to last a lifetime. The specifications are generous and powerful, allowing easy handling of all sheets and control lines. The  hatches and ports are top quality Moonlight or Lewmar.

• Fibreglass main sliding hatch with solid washboards .
• 10 portlight windows in aluminium frames. Option of extra portlights if desired. All opening except over navigation station
• All sheets and halyards led to cockpit
• 2 Anderson 46STA two speed Genoa winches (self tailing)
• 2 Anderson 40STA spinnaker winches mounted on cockpit combing (self tailing)
• 2 Anderson 40STA two speed halyard/control line winches (self tailing).
• Deck organisers x 2: (Spinlock or Lewmar)
• Clutches (Lewmar D2): 4 treble jammers mounted at aft end of coach roof.
• Ronstan mainsheet beam track with traveller and six-part purchase control lines.
• Ronstan Genoa tracks on side decks complete with 2 cars.
• Ronstan high load halyard turning blocks
• Stainless steel stemhead fitting with optional anchor roller
• 4x 200mm cast 316 stainless steel mooring cleats.
• Double rail 316 stainless steel pulpit, pushpit with stainless steel stanchions and double guard wires.
• Timber or stainless steel grab rails on coach roof, through connected to main saloon grab rails.
• Ventilators on coach roof over toilet compartment and main saloon
• Through-deck mast ring: aluminium with stainless steel attachment points for turning blocks, held down by 2 rigging screws with T terminals hooked into the mast below deck.
• Worm screw backstay adjuster (hydraulic option, see below)
• Vang (solid option, see below)
• Anodised aluminium toerail, from pushpit to aft of Genoa winches (racing option – to stop at chainplates).
• Aluminium spinnaker poles x2
• Navtec hydraulic backstay adjuster
• Solid spring loaded vang
• Stern boarding/swim ladder
• Full stainless Anderson winches
• Harken alloy or carbon race winches
• Portlight over quarter berth opening into cockpit
• Additional hatch over saloon
• Ronstan 2 speed mainsheet
• Ronstan roller bearing halyard turning blocks
• 2m reaching tracks on gunwales midships
• Carbon fibre spinnaker poles
• Carbon fibre composite tiller
• Jockey pole (reaching strut)
• Internal and external locking device with lanyard to secure washboards as per AYF offshore regulations
• Vent in washboard (note this may not be compliant with AYF regs)

The S&S 34 rig is made by Taskers Spars to a very high specification, suitable for extended cruising, heavy weather and the most rigorous offshore racing. The T9BN section is very well suited to the S&S 34 and in twin spreader configuration provides ample reserves of strength above and beyond the already exacting requirements of the Nordic Boat standard. The standing rigging is specified to have an ample safety margin, and is 60% stronger than that originally specified by Sparkman and Stephens. The mast is keel stepped for additional strength and safety. The rig design has been optimised over many years and the current specification has proven to be ideal for both cruising and racing. The keel stepped twin spreader rig is both more versatile and stronger than the shorter, heavier deck stepped rig fitted to some previous cruising boats, although the latter remains a special order option.

The current rig is alloy but with recent advances in technology, a carbon rig is a possibility. This may also allow for a lightened keel, please discuss with the builder if you are interested in this option.

S&S 34 Rig

• Painted keel-stepped masthead spar. See rig plan (below) for details
• 2 pairs aerofoil spreaders.
• Integral luff groove track for mainsail slides fitted with sail slide gate.
• Internal halyards with provision for 2 headsails, 1 or 2 spinnakers, mainsail and single spinnaker pole lift.
• Deck and steaming light combined.
• Conduits: provision for additional wiring.
• Tasker boom section, with internal 3:1 purchase sail outhaul + 2 integral reef lines (option of 3) led back to cockpit..
• Deck mast ring: aluminium with stainless steel attachment points for turning blocks, held down by 2 rigging screws with T terminals hooked into the mast below deck.
• Mast hinge with modified shrouds and mast lowering tackle (delete option for boats outside WA)
• Boom topping lift (unless solid vang fitted, when it becomes optional)
• S&S 34 Standing Rigging is 8mm 1×19 stainless steel wire with swaged end fittings and chrome bronze open body bottle screws. Option of 7mm Dyform rigging. See rig plan.
• Forestay has 2 attachments for jib tacks

S&S 34 Running Rigging

• 1 Genoa halyard: 10mm Spectra/Dyneema with stainless steel snap shackle. Option of 2 Genoa halyards (in which case spinnaker halyards are polyester)
• 2 spinnaker halyards (can also be used as Genoa halyards): 10mm Spectra/Dyneema with stainless steel shackle.
• 1 main halyard 10mm Spectra/Dyneema with captive pin shackle.
• Spinnaker pole topping lift x1
• Adjustable inner forestay with 4:1 purchase led back to Anderson 40ST winch
• 10mm Spectra/Dyneema mainsheet with Ronstan 6:1 blocks and cam cleat.
• 1 set polyester Genoa sheets (Spectra/Dyneema optional)
• Kicker strut (Selden): gas filled solid boom vang with tackle, leading to cockpit. No need for topping lift, although provision can be provided on mast
• Anodised spars
• Additional headsail/spinnaker halyard
• Twin groove racing foil fitted to forestay
• Roller reefing forestay
• Additional reefing line
• Single line reefing
• Dyform rigging
• Discontinuous rigging
• Spectra/Dyneema Genoa sheets
• Additional Genoa cars
• Ronstan 2 speed 4:1/8:1 mainsheet
• Roller bearing Ronstan halyard turning blocks
• Rod rigging
• Delete mast hinge (reduced cost option)
• Jackstays to comply with AYF Offshore racing regulations
• Dacron mainsail complete with sail battens, leech line, 2 slab reefing points (3rd reef optional), tell tales, insignia, sail number and bag.
• Dacron working jib complete with tell tales, leech line and bag
• A wide variety of racing and cruising sails are available, either with roller furling or twin track racing forestay foil

A Nanni 21hp saildrive diesel is specified as standard, located under the cockpit. It is lightweight, so this position has minimal effect on performance and allows a spacious and functional saloon layout. A midships engine is still available if desired. The Nanni saildrive leg produces minimal drag and allows gearbox oil to be changed whilst the boat is in the water. A two blade folding propeller means minimal drag whilst sailing. The 21hp has plenty of power and is very fuel efficient.  Other propeller and engine options are available.

• Nanni 3 cylinder (21hp) fresh water cooled diesel engine, driving a two blade folding propeller via a saildrive leg, located under cockpit. Option of midships shaft drive engine available. Other engine options including Yanmar, Witchard etc available on request
• 70A alternator
• Engine compartment sound insulation
• Engine compartment ventilation
• Top quality marine grade reinforced exhaust hose with water lock muffler and siphon break
• Fibreglass 55 litre fuel tank with sight gauge, drain cock and deck filler. Option of extra tankage if required
• Fuel filter
• Seawater filter
• Single lever engine control operated from cockpit
• Instrument panel with tachometer, engine hours indicator and warning lights
• Engine compartment readily accessible via hinged panel and engine box can be fully dissembled for major engine maintenance or removal
• Additional fuel tank, up to 70 litres
• Fuel gauges either electric or “Tank Tender” pneumatic
• Spinlock removable handle faceplate for cockpit engine control
• Alternator upgrade, external “smart” regulator, cross charging regulator
• Second Balmar 100A alternator with separate House battery charging circuit and external regulator
• Upgraded engine instrument panel
• Engine compartment light
• Exhaust temperature gauge with alarm
• Other propeller options available at owner request

The S&S 34 electrical system is built to a high standard using top quality marine components and multi-strand tinned copper marine cable. It is possible to customise the layout to individual requirements. The navigation and interior lights are top quality, low energy fittings imported, or owners can specify their own fittings.

S&S 34 Electrical

• 1 x 12volt 100 AH AGM House battery plus 1x12volt AGM engine start battery, with single multi-function isolating switch
• Glassfibre battery box.
• BEP or Blue Seas distributor panel complete with labelled circuit breakers and backlighting
• Functions are protected by individual circuit breakers and indicator LEDs .
• Spare circuit breakers for future needs
• Multifunction voltmeter and monitor with LCD display.
• All wiring marine grade multi-strand tin coated copper, properly supported and protected
• 12v power outlet at navigation station, protected by separate circuit breaker

S&S 34 Internal lighting

• 2 LED berth lights in forward cabin
• 1 overhead LED or fluorescent light and 2 berth lights in saloon
• 1 flexible LED chart light at chart table with red night bulb + standard white light.
• 1 light over icebox
• 1 overhead toilet light
• S&S 34 External lighting
• Combined tri-colour navigation and anchor light on masthead
• Combined steaming light and deck floodlight on mast

There are many options available for lighting and instrumentation, some common ones are:

• Additional 100AH House battery
• Additional light in saloon over galley
• Battery master switch panel with separate House and engine battery circuits, additional heavy duty circuit breakers, isolating relay/cross charger and Blue Seas Dual Circuit Plus battery switch
• Additional spot lighting
• Deck level navigation lights
• 240V AC shore power inlet with circuit breaker panel and outlet
• Battery charger
• Solar panel or wind generator with wiring and regulator
• Hi-Fi system with saloon and waterproof cockpit speakers

The new S&S 34 comes standard with pressurised hot and cold water. A shower is located in the heads compartment, and a cockpit shower is optional. The advanced construction techniques allow for the tanks to be integral with the fibreglass moulding, meaning maximum capacity and no problems with corrosion or leakage. The inner lay-up uses food grade epoxy to ensure good tasting water. Up to 350 litres in 2 tanks can be specified.

• 100 litre fresh water tank (integral fibreglass, epoxy coated to ensure good tasting water) + inspection cover
• Deck filler
• Holding tank (approx. 50 litres) with deck pump out and overboard discharge
• 20 or 24 litre Isotherm hot water system heated by engine
• Shower in heads draining to bilge
• Shower sump drain and Whale Gulper electric pump
• Alcohol stove in place of LPG
• Cockpit shower
• Double galley sink
• Isotherm refrigeration unit
• OzeFrig electric Eutectic refrigeration with intelligent controller for minimal power consumption
• Separate freezer compartment up to 40 litres capacity
• Corian galley top
• Additional aft water tank giving total tank capacity up to 350 litres
• Tank gauges, either electric or “Tank Tender” pneumatic gauges
• Drinking water filter
• Additional cup holders, spice racks, CD racks etc can be fitted to suit owner requirements

The interior of the new S&S 34 is beautiful and built to match or exceed the specifications of any other production yacht. The standard specification uses an ultra hard 2 pack finish on all exposed surfaces, with varnished timber trim. The saloon bulkheads, navigation and dining tables are finished in varnished timber. The interior layout has been optimised drawing on many years of experience and is stylish and functional. A wide variety of colours and timbers are available. A twin pilot berth layout is optional. Other features can be customised to special order.

S&S 34 Navigation Area

• Large 800x650mm chart table with radiused corner, hinged lid and chart stowage inside
• 3 drawers under chart table (4 drawers optional)
• Storage bin outboard
• Open locker under chart table
• Quarter berth end forms navigator’s seat
• Storage bin adjacent to quarter berth
• Additional storage under quarter berth

S&S 34 Main Saloon

• U shaped settee to port with timber faced table, which converts into a double berth
• Timber fiddles to table
• Settee berth to starboard with optional lee cloth
• Starboard pilot berth above settee berth with storage under and optional lee cloth. Side can fold out to increase width if required (optional).
• Port and starboard sides; stowage behind backrests with storage bin behind dinette and optional timber cupboard
• Stowage under dinette and starboard berth
• Grab rails internally on coach roof
• Timber moulding on galley and nav station bulkheads, + optional grab handles
• Grab handles on companionway to cockpit
• berths 192cm (6’4″) long
• headroom 185cm (6’1″)
• Cloth headlining

S&S 34 Heads Compartment

• Faired moulding for easy cleaning, finished with ultra hard 2 pack
• Fitted Jabsco marine toilet, vanity with wash basin, stowage + optional mirror
• Forespar Marelon seacocks.
• Hinged 2 piece door
• Starboard of companionway, a hanging locker and 3 storage bins (drawers optional), vanity top, toiletries locker and shelf
• Holding tank (approx 50 litres) with deck pump out and overboard discharge
• Mixer tap to vanity basin

S&S 34 Forward Cabin

• 2 berths in V arrangement with stowage under
• converts to full double berth in seconds
• shelf on either side of cabin
• 2 built in bedside tables with LED reading lights
• Moonlight or Lewmar 520mm Circular hatch

ALL BERTHS 100mm thick foam fabric covered cushions available in a variety of colours

• Forespar Marelon Flowtech racing seacocks (close flush with hull)
• 20 or 24 litre Isotemp hot water system under quarter berth end
• Shower in head compartment, non-slip floor with drain and Whale Gulper electric shower drain pump
• Berth/pilot berth combination in place of dinette on port side
• Timber finish to coach roof sides
• Fairing and 2 pack finish to coach roof
• Dinette table folding to double size when required
• Lavac vacuum toilet
• Electric option for toilets
• Shape of galley, nav station and forward bulkheads can be customised to suit owner
• A variety of timber species and trim options is available, discuss with builder

The S&S 34 galley is compact, functional, easy to use at sea and well equipped. A full sized 3 burner LPG stove with oven is fitted as standard. There is room for two 3.5kg gas bottles in a sealed, drained locker in the cockpit, fully compliant with all regulations. There is plenty of storage for crockery and cooking utensils. A 100 litre ice box is standard but a variety of refrigeration options are available, including a separate freezer compartment.

• 316 stainless steel sink with rotating faucet.
• Electric Jabsco fresh water pump- quiet running, low power consumption and no accumulator tank required.
• Gimballed gas cooker with fiddle rail and locking bolt – 3 burners, grill and oven with flame failure device on all burners.
• Copper gas supply pipe from externally vented and drained gas locker, with flexible armoured hose to cooker. All to comply with Australian standards. Stainless steel gas bottles available.
• Solenoid operated shut-off valve at LPG bottles to Australian Standards
• Bilge gas sensor (required if LPG is fitted)
• Complete galley work top with Formica laminate (many colours available) with fiddles and radius corners
• Insulated 100 litre ice box, several refrigeration options available.
• Pan stowage under cooker
• Behind cooker recessed food and plate racks with sliding tinted Perspex doors
• Additional storage locker behind stove
• Crockery and cutlery racks
• Rubbish bin locker under sink

The S&S 34 head compartment and companionway has been redesigned to take advantage of modern fittings and construction techniques. By clever design utilising a circular fore hatch the head compartment is fully enclosed, with enough room to also use it as a shower stall. The vanity moulding, toilet base and floor are all seamlessly integrated for appearance and ease of cleaning. A custom designed deep oval vanity basin is standard. A manual marine toilet and holding tank are provided. The forward companionway has a custom designed hanging locker, drawers and vanity top to starboard.

Please see interior section for more details.

The classic S&S 34 cockpit is unchanged from the original Swarbrick boats. The width remains exactly right for bracing legs when heeled. The S&S 34 cockpit is fully enclosed which results in a feeling of security. It is rare even in bad weather for any significant quantity of water to enter the cockpit. The traveller runs above the seats between the spinnaker winches. It is removable in a coup[le of minutes by undoing 2 bolts. Powerful Anderson spinnaker winches are fitted as standard.

• Full length seating with large stowage locker to starboard
• Enclosed gas bottle locker vented and drained overboard, compliant with all Australian regulations, capacity = 2×3.5kg LPG bottles
• Lazarette stowage locker aft
• 2 x 10” (245mm) lock in winch handles
• 1 x 8” (203mm) lock in winch handle
• 3 winch handle pockets
• Ronstan mainsheet traveller fitted between spinnaker winches (clear of seats)
• Ronstan 6:1 triple block mainsheet tackle
• Bulkhead compass fitted
• Instruments in binnacle on coach roof over companionway – due to the huge range of equipment available, instruments and electronics are optional
• Cockpit table
• Additional winch handles
• Additional winch handle pockets
• Raymarine instrument package
• TackTick wireless instrument package
• Ronstan  2 speed mainsheet with self cleating traveller car
• Tiller extension
• Spirit stove as reduced cost option to LPG
• 10kg high holding power anchor (Rocna or equivalent) with 10 metres galvanised 8mm chain and 40 metres nylon warp.
• 2 x 24 metres nylon mooring rope
• 3 PVC fenders with lanyards
• 2 x 10″ (245mm) lock in winch handles
• 1 x 8″ (203mm) lock in winch handle
• Whale manual bilge pumps x2
• 2 fire extinguishers on mountings

9 thoughts on “ The new SS34 specifications ”

Dont want to annoy you. But was is the price of a new composite SS34 ready to sail away, to compare with price on good secondhand boats. I am 67 but always loved the shape. Inner Melb.

Dear David,

Sorry for the delay in reply, I was away for a few days. It is very tricky to give an exact price as they are semi-custom build to client requirements and the basic hull& deck is only a small part of the price of a finished boat. Fancy electronics alone can add $50k to the price of a boat if you so wish (these are never included in mass produced boat prices and are not usually installed on older boats).

Please bear in mind I am not the manufacturer and can only give you rough ball park figures. Anyway, to give a rough idea a basic boat shell with all furniture, engine, keel etc ready for rig and final finishing would likely be around $180-200k. For a fully finished “sail away” boat you would probably pay between $300-400k depending upon the level of fitout and equipment etc.

It would cost at least $100-150k to professionally refurbish an older boat (plus purchase price) and you would still probably have some reused parts (eg mast, some furniture etc) and of course it would still be an old shell. The new boats are much stiffer and stronger, overall a bit lighter and certainly less weight in the ends.

The Mk 2 boats (esp the new ones) are still very competitive racers – we are the current WA Offshore champions and have won a number of races outright against Sydney 36s, Bene Firsts, TP42s, Kers, and assorted high tech carbon custom IRC boats.

It’s horses for courses. Hope this info helps.

Regards, Simon

Hi, can you built watertigh bulkheads ? Thank you.

Hi i think I posted this earlier but I can’t seem to see my comment so i will post it again and see what happens. Anyway I have got a couple of questions if you could answer them that would be greatly appreciated. 1 For a hull/deck/mast what would i be spending? 2 if I were to buy a boat up to this build stage how long would it take? I know these are probably both the most annoying questions but I’m just wondering Kind regards, Steve

Hi Steve, Difficult to answer your question without an idea of how fitted out you want the yacht. Mike Finn of Cottesloe Yachts would be the best person to contact as he owns the moulds. I would expect a high number though. A new mast with standing and running rigging and electrics stepped on the boat is AUD$25-30K. You could pick up a whole boat which probably will need work for a little more than this if you hunt around online. Cheers, Ron

Nice boats always wanted to own one but the bank doesn’t agree. I sailed on my mates one a few times beautiful boat, ease of handling like my mates son who is 12 used to sail across the other side of port Phillip bay by himself in 25knots he reckons it was easy.

Hi, might be a stupid question but For a hull, deck and mast what would I be paying? Also how long would it take to build? Thanks if you answer my question it would be greatly appreciated Kind regards, Steve

https://www.yachtworld.co.uk/boats/1971/sparkman-stephens-s-s-34-3654045/

The boat is from 1970 – the broker has mistakenly been advertised as 71. It is in Bristol condition after a complete overhaul.

The current price reflects a must-sell position given the current context.

Hi, Has there any wooden S&S 34 been built (around in the early 70s) please??

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• Sailboat Guide

S&S 34 is a 33 ′ 5 ″ / 10.2 m monohull sailboat designed by Sparkman & Stephens and built by Swarbrick & Swarbrick and Aquafibre Ltd. starting in 1968.

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

From BlueWaterBoats.org :

Of all the Sparkman and Stephens production yachts, the S&S 34 has become the most celebrated and perhaps the most successful; no small feat given Sparkman and Stephens’ status as one of the world’s most prestigious and long lived yacht design offices. At the time, designer Olin Stephens (1908-2008) said, “We hope and believe that the S&S 34 will make a good all-round boat, so as to demonstrate in a fairly small package that a good boat for offshore racing will also be a good boat for cruising.”

The words were quite prophetic, the S&S 34 had a successful career as an IOR racer before becoming the boat choice for single-handed record breaking, and eventually earning a great reputation as a blue water cruising boat. The boat has legendary seaworthiness and is a joy to sail being beautifully balanced and easy to single hand.

The S&S 34 was conceived shortly after Olin Stephens designed the 1967 and 1970 Americas Cup victor Intrepid which interestingly was the first 12 Metre to have a separate rudder and keel, an innovation the S&S 34 retained. The design was commissioned in 1968 by a British yachtsman by the name of Michael Winfield. His boat Morningtown was a 36 foot wooden one tonner designed for RORC racing, it impressed him so much he asked Sparkman and Stephens to prepare plans for a production boat. The S&S 34 was the result. The first boat produced was Morning Cloud which went on to win its class in the Sydney Hobart in 1969.

Stephens recounts Winfield, “He set up shop in England, I’m not sure how many he built, a dozen or so, but he was not an experienced boat builder, and he didn’t continue the work. The moulds and tooling were sold to some other builder there, and they built a few more there.”

Thus Winfield & Partners sold one of its two molds to a boatbuilding concern called Aquafibre who continued production until 1974. These hulls were often finished by other boatyards. Some boats found their way to the US where they were sold as the Palmer Johnson 34.

However it was in Australia that the S&S prospered. Downunder, the second set of Winfield molds were owned by Swarbrick Brother Yachts in Western Australia and between the years of 1969 – 1984 the three Swarbrick brothers Tom, Terry and Harley built 34 boats. The company eventually failed under bankruptcy and the molds were then sold to Maybrook Marine of NSW in 1986 who produced a further 4 boats over the following three years. The molds were then stored until 2003 when they found their way back to Western Australia by way of Mike Finn of Cottesloe Yachts, and under consultation with Sparkman and Stephens, boat production was adapted to use the latest in foam sandwich with vacuum infusion technology. These new “Constellation” class boats sold by Cottesloe Yachts were introduced in 2004 and are in current production, built by an all new Swarbrick company called Swarbrick and Swarbrick, owned by Tom Swarbrick’s son Glenn. These new boats are 25% lighter in the hull, are physically stiffer, and exhibit better impact strength.

In total, between 50 – 100 boats were built in the UK and Glenn Swarbricks reports 126 boats coming off the mould in Australia, of which 3 are of the latest “Constellation” class boats built with the latest foam-sandwich GRP technology.

Record Breaker

The boat raced successfully, quickly notching up race victories including future British prime minister Ted Heath’s Morning Cloud winning its class in the Sydney Hobart in 1969, before it became the boat of choice for solo circumnavigation attempts.

In 1981 Jon Sanders set out in his S&S 34 Perie Banou to complete a double-circumnavigation via Cape Horn. Sailing non-stop and solo he set 12 world records including longest distance sailed by any yacht, covering 48,510 miles and longest continuous voyage at sea totaling 419 days.

At age 17, David Dicks set out in 1996, to successfully claim the youngest to circumnavigate solo non-stop via Cape Horn, sailing his Mum’s S&S 34, Seaflight . Jesse Martin bettered the record in Lionheart , completing in 1999 aged 18. Inspired by Martin’s journey, Jessica Watson between 2009-2010 completed her own circumnavigation in Ella’s Pink Lady claiming the youngest solo unassisted at age sixteen (a record that held for only 20 months before Laura Dekker’s sailed home in her Ginn Fizz 37 in January 2012, also at age sixteen).

Boat Configuration

The boat has a remarkably modern shape for a design conceived in 1967. Looking down from above, the hull has a definite diamond shape with a fine bow and a narrow stern. The lines show a short waterline, long overhangs, generous tumblehome and for its era, a relatively high freeboard. Below the waterline is a short fin keel, with nearly all the ballast right in the middle of the boat and a skeg-hung rudder near the very aft. In all a very innovative configuration for its day.

The S&S 34 has a relatively tall masthead rig with a high aspect mainsail and an enlarged foresail, a configuration that became popular in racers in the years to come.

Down below, the headroom in the standard Australian cabin is 6′ 1″ which tapers an inch lower at the main bulkhead. There’s a sea-going berth located on the port aft quarter, with a navigation station slightly forward. To starboard is a the galley. Hanging lockers and a head is forward of the saloon and there is a rather tight V-berth at the forepeak with headroom of 5′ 10″.

MkII versions introduced improved hydrodynamic efficiencies with changes to the keel and rudder. The new keel was deeper with a straighter leading edge and an improved aerofoil section, while the rudder changed to a curved spade rudder hung from a smaller skeg.

Rigs came in two options; a cruising rig, and a racing rig, 2ft taller. In the British boats as well as the early Australian boats had the forestay terminated aft of the bow but on the later Australian boats it was taken right to the end of the bow. There were also variations in the rig during the 1980s, where some boats had a keel-stepped mast and others a deck stepped mast with a much larger cross-section.

The standard engine position is located amidships which provides optimal weight distribution helping seagoing motion, some of the later cruising focused boats, after the advent of lighter engines had the engines located under the cockpit.

The original deck moulds from Winfield had the deck recessed below the sheerline which created a toerail, and the cabin was shaped with a doghouse with a lower forward cabin trunk. When Swarbrick Bros acquired the moulds, they opted to build their own deck mould to improve forward headroom. This has resulted in the Australian boats having a flush cabin trunk, and the sharper observer will notice the deck has been raised flush to being level with the sheerline. Another minor change was a slightly truncated bow to fit the forestay tang.

Over 40 years on, the S&S 34 is still a quick boat. The hull is easily driven and by the numbers only 20hp is required to drive the boat at hull-speed, however owners report less in practice.

When the boat was introduced the S&S 34 was regarded as having exceptional speed to windward and in heavy weather. Even today the boat is hard to beat to windward in more than 10 knots, in fact owners have reported throwing in tacks of 80 degrees.

Her 50% ballast ratio results in a stiff boat, with the first reef thrown in at hefty 25 knots of wind. As the boat heels, the waterline length increases significantly; according to Olin’s design spec, the optimum angle of heel is 23.5 degrees, but don’t expect a dry ride, the S&S 34 is a wet boat like most Sparkman & Stephens designs of that era.

Buyer Notes

There is an active market for the S&S 34 in Australia, no doubt aided by an active owners association. It’s recommended prospective buyers contact them via their online discussion forum when researching. As of 2010, the asking price of boats is in the range of: 1968-1980 $55k-90k AUD

A new Constellation class boat from Cottlesloe Yachts and built by Swarbrick and Swarbrick , depending on fitout, is in the range of $226k-$330k AUD. Hull and deck kits start at $79k.

Links, References and Further Reading

» Sparkman & Stephens 34 Association, discussions, articles, news and more . » Australian Sailing Magazine, Jul 2005, “37 Years Young” by John Roberson, (a historical look at the S&S34) » Sail Magazine, A Century of Excellent by Peter Nielsen , (a celebration of the S&S 34) » Wikipedia, Jesse Martin’s circumnavigation » Sarwick & Sarwick, company website for the new S&S34 Constellation

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The S&S 34 Sailboat

The S&S 34 is a cruising and racing fibreglass monohull sailboat that was designed by Olin Stephens from Sparkman and Stephens. It has a skeg-hung rudder and a Bermuda rig with a large, overlapping headsail. It is a proven cruising yacht that is well suited for short-handed sailing, and also a successful racing yacht that has won many prestigious events.

Published Specification for the S&S 34

Underwater Profile:   Fin keel & Skeg-Hung Rudder;

Hull Material:  GRP (Fiberglass);

Length Overall:  33'5" (10.2m);

Waterline Length:  24'2" (7.4m);

Beam:  10'1" (3.1m);

Draft:  5'9" (1.8m);

Rig Type:  Masthead sloop;

Displacement:  9,195lb / 4,171kg;

Designer:  Sparkman & Stephens;

Builder:   Winfield & Partners/Aquafibre (UK);

Year First Built:  1968;

Owners Association:  Sparkman & Stephens Owners Association

Sail Areas & Rig Dimensions

I: 12.2 m (40.0 ft) J: 4.0 m (13.1 ft) P: 10.7 m (35.1 ft) E: 3.4 m (11.2 ft)

Mainsail Area: 17.9 m² (192.5 ft²) Foresail Area: 24.2 m² (260.5 ft²) Total Sail Area: 42.1 m² (452.5 ft²).

Published Design Ratios for the S&S 34

• Sail Area/Displacement Ratio: 16.5 - The S&S 34 has a Sail Area/Displacement Ratio of 16.5. This indicates that the boat has reasonably good performance capability. It is not underpowered and suggests it can maintain a decent speed and agility under sail. This ratio falls into the range that indicates reasonably good performance (16 to 20).
• Ballast/Displacement Ratio: 58.7 - With a Ballast/Displacement Ratio of 58.7%, the S&S 34 is quite stiff, implying that it can stand up well to strong winds without excessive heeling. This high ratio suggests the boat will be stable and perform well in various wind conditions. However, without information on the ballast's location, we can't fully assess its stiffness. A deeper keel with concentrated ballast would further enhance stability.
• Displacement/Length Ratio: 291 - The S&S 34 has a Displacement/Length Ratio of 291, placing it in the Heavy Displacement category (275-350). This means the boat is relatively heavy for its length and will require more sail area to reach hull speed compared to lighter displacement boats. Heavier displacement boats like this one are typically more comfortable in rough seas and provide a steadier ride.
• Comfort Ratio: 24.3 - The Comfort Ratio of 24.3 suggests that the S&S 34 will have moderate motion comfort. It falls within the range (20 to 30) typically associated with coastal cruisers with moderate stability. This indicates that the boat will handle the typical pitch, roll, and corkscrew motions encountered in coastal cruising quite well, providing a reasonable level of comfort for the crew.
• Capsize Screening Formula: 1.9 - With a Capsize Screening Formula of 1.9, the S&S 34 is well-suited for ocean passages. Since the value is at 2.0 or lower, it indicates the boat has good blue water capabilities and is less vulnerable to capsizing in rough offshore conditions. The lower the value, the better, and 1.9 suggests that the boat should handle well in heavy seas.

Summary: The S&S 34 sailboat is designed for good performance with decent speed and agility thanks to its Sail Area/Displacement Ratio. It has a high Ballast/Displacement Ratio, indicating good stability and stiffness, though the exact nature of its stability depends on ballast placement. Being a heavy displacement boat, the S&S 34 is expected to be comfortable in rough seas and provides a moderate level of motion comfort consistent with coastal cruising. Its Capsize Screening Formula underlines its suitability for blue water sailing, making it a solid choice for long ocean passages.

Design Ratios: Notes of Caution...

• The Sail Area/Displacement Ratio (SA/D): This ratio provides an estimate of the sail power relative to the boat's weight, which can indicate potential speed in various wind conditions.  But i t doesn't account for the efficiency of the sail plan, the rigging, or the skill of the crew. Real-world performance can vary significantly based on these factors.
• The Ballast/Displacement Ratio (B/D): This ratio gives an idea of the boat's stability and stiffness, which is crucial for handling and safety.  But  it doesn't consider the distribution of the ballast or the hull shape, both of which can greatly affect stability. A high B/D ratio alone doesn't guarantee a stable boat if the ballast is poorly distributed.
• The Displacement/Length Ratio (D/L): This ratio helps predict the boat's speed potential and its behaviour in different sea conditions.  But  it doesn't account for the hull design or the boat's overall weight distribution. Two boats with the same D/L ratio can perform very differently if their hull shapes are different.
• The Comfort Ratio (CR): This ratio estimates the boat's motion comfort in a seaway, which is important for long passages.  But  it doesn't consider the boat's interior layout, which can also affect comfort. Additionally, personal tolerance to motion varies, so a boat that is comfortable for one person might not be for another.
• The Capsize Screening Formula (CSF): This formula assesses the likelihood of a boat capsizing in heavy seas, which is critical for offshore safety.  But  it doesn't take into account the boat's handling characteristics or the skill of the crew. A boat with a low CSF can still capsize if poorly handled in severe conditions.

General Limitations

• Static Nature: These ratios are static measurements and don't account for dynamic factors like wave action, wind gusts, or crew actions.
• Simplification: They simplify complex interactions into single numbers, which can be misleading. Real-world performance is influenced by a multitude of factors that these ratios can't fully capture.
• Context: The context in which the boat is used (e.g., coastal cruising vs. offshore racing) can greatly affect how these ratios should be interpreted.

In summary, while these ratios provide valuable insights into the theoretical performance characteristics of a sailboat, they should be used as part of a broader assessment that includes practical experience, sea trials, and expert advice.

The above text was drafted by sailboat-cruising.com using GPT-4 (OpenAI’s large-scale language-generation model) as a research assistant to develop source material; we believe it to be accurate to the best of our knowledge.

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Sparkman & Stephens Yachts S&S 34 for sale in Dumbarton S11 United Kingdom

Dumbarton S11 United Kingdom

Make & Model

Sparkman & Stephens Yachts S&S 34

Not Applicable

MEASUREMENTS

Fresh Water Tanks

DESCRIPTION

Yacht for sale UK. Used 1969 build Sparkmans & Stephens Fin keel 34 Yacht for sale. This Sparkmans & Stephens know as the S&S 34 has a Volvo Penta 2002 19hp marine diesel.. Heads compartment Jabsco marine wc. Varifold propeller 2018. Saloon and seperate forward cabin with V berth. Topsides professionally painted 2022

• 5 Berth: 1 double and 3 singles
• Vinyl material: Sandstone
• Flooring: Teak and Holly
• Heating (1 outlet)
• Saloon table
• Chart table
• Cupboards and lockers: Various
• Cooker: with gas oven and grill
• Galley sink
• Manual pump water system
• Sea toilet: Jansco
• Autopilot: Simrad TP22GPS (6 yrs approx)
• Log/speed/depth: B&G
• Wind: NASA Clipper (7 yrs)
• VHF: Cobra with fixed GPS (5yrs)
• Clock/barometer
• Rig: Aluminium anodised Single spreader
• Keel steped mast
• Standing Rigging (18+ yrs)
• Running Rigging: (Most within last 5 yrs)
• Headsail: Furling Harken
• Spinnaker pole
• Mainsail: x2
• Foresail: No2 furling
• GRP Hull and superstructure
• Decking: Professionally repainted with anti slip (2022)
• Tiller steering
• Winches: 4x Lewmar 2-speed
• Windlass: SL Hand operated
• Anchors: 1x 15kg Bruce 1x 12kg CQR
• Double bowroller
• Opening hatches X2
• Swim boarding ladder
• Flares: various (owner comments that in date)
• Bilge pump: manual
• Lifebouy(s) x 2
• Floating lights
• Batteries: 1 x 70Ah service 1x 90Ah Domestic
• Shore power
• Volvo 20-02 Diesel
• Shaft drive
• Varifold folding prop (2018)

Last serviced April 2022 and every year previous

• "Owned since 2005 but only the 4th owner."
• "Cruised extensively round west of Scotland, Outer hebrides, Ireland and towards Faroes."
• "We have a photo of Ailish II leading Ted Heath's Morning Cloud at Burnham on Crouch before MC shipped to Australia where MC won Sydney Hobart Race."

Precious Marine offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice. Some websites that link to us may not drag the full information across please feel free to click the link and ask for the full inventory. - Head officeAsk about our Fixed Price Brokerage scheme.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Hull Material

Fuel Tanks Capacity

ABOUT SPARKMAN & STEPHENS YACHTS S&S 34

The Sparkman & Stephens Yachts S&S 34 is 34 feet long and has a 10 feet beam. The Sparkman & Stephens Yachts S&S 34 is made of fiberglass.

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Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( Russian : Нижегородская область , romanized :   Nizhegorodskaya oblast' ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast ). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod . It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census . From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast ( Russian : Горьковская область ).

Natural resources

Administrative divisions, demographics, transportation, external links.

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River . Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk , Bor and Kstovo ) the biggest city is Arzamas . Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery , one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov . The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. [ citation needed ] Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna , located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.

The oblast covers an area of 76,900 square kilometers (29,700   sq   mi) , which is approximately equal to the entire area of the Benelux countries or Czech Republic . Agricultural land occupies 41% of this area; forests, 48%, lakes and rivers, 2%; and other lands, 9%. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast borders Kostroma Oblast (N), Kirov Oblast (NE), the Mari El Republic (E), the Chuvash Republic (E), the Republic of Mordovia (S), Ryazan Oblast (SW), Vladimir Oblast (W), and Ivanovo Oblast (NW).

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is not rich in natural resources, which are limited to commercial deposits of sand (including titanium-zirconium sands), clay , gypsum , peat , mineral salt , and timber .

The sites of Pustyn I and the settlement of Naumovka I, Krasny Bor 5 and others belong to the Mesolithic era in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Burial grounds of the Fatyanovo culture of the Bronze Age were found in the Chkalovsky, Vetluzhsky and Krasnobakovsky districts. [12]

In the course of the regional reform of Peter I in 1708, Nizhny Novgorod with the surrounding lands was added to the Kazan Governorate . In 1714, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was created.

On January 14, 1929, the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast was formed. [13] On July 15 of the same year, it was transformed into the Nizhny Novgorod Territory.

On October 7, 1932, the Nizhny Novgorod Territory was renamed the Gorky Territory (in honor of the writer Maxim Gorky). On December 5, 1936, the Gorky Territory was transformed into the Gorky Oblast (the Mari and Chuvash Republics were taken from the former territory). [14]

On January 7, 1954, the Arzamas Oblast was separated from the Gorky Oblast. On April 23, 1957, the Arzamas Oblast was abolished, and its territory was returned to the Gorky Oblast.

On October 22, 1990, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Gorky Oblast was renamed the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. [15] [16] On April 21, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the decision of the presidium of the parliament to rename the region, amending Art. 71 of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, [17] which entered into force on May 16, 1992. [18]

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Nizhny Novgorod (then Gorki) CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority); the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power); and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution of the USSR in March 1990, the CPSU lost its monopoly on power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor, was appointed/elected alongside the elected regional parliament .

The Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia .

The unique architectural construction—the 128-meter (420   ft) steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1929—is located near the town of Dzerzhinsk on the left bank of the Oka River .

Population : 3,119,115   ( 2021 Census ) ; [19] 3,310,597   ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [20] 3,524,028   ( 2002 Census ) ; [21] 3,714,322   ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [22]

According to the 2010 Census, [20] ethnic Russians at   3,109,661 made up 95.1% of the oblast's population. Other ethnic groups included Tatars (44,103, or 1.4%), Mordva (19,138, or 0.6%), Ukrainians (17,657, or 0.5%), and various smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total. Additionally, 42,349 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. [23]

Vital statistics for 2022: [24] [25]

• Births: 24,032 (7.7 per 1,000)
• Deaths: 48,025 (15.3 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022): [26] 1.31 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021): [27] Total — 68.93 years (male   — 63.81, female   — 73.97)

According to the Federal Migration Service, 20,450 foreign citizens were registered in the oblast in 2006. The actual number of foreigners residing in the oblast as of June 1, 2006 was estimated to be over 22,000. [28]

According to a 2012 survey [31] 69.2% of the population of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 2% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other Orthodox churches , and 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery). In addition, 15% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 10% is atheist , and 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [31]

The oblast ranks seventh in Russia in industrial output. Processing industries predominate in the local economy. More than 650 industrial companies employ nearly 700,000 people, or 62% of the workforce involved in material production. Industry generates 83% of the regional GDP and accounts for 89% of all material expenditures. The leading sectors are engineering and metalworking, followed by chemical and petrochemical industries and forestry, woodworking, and paper industries. The first three sectors account for about 75% of all industrial production.

The oblast has traditionally been attractive to investors. In 2002, Moody's rating agency confirmed a Caa1rating based on the region's long-term foreign currency liabilities. [32]

The region maintains trade relations with many countries and has an export surplus. The largest volume of exports goes to Ukraine , Belarus , Switzerland , Kazakhstan , Belgium , and France . Imports come mainly from Ukraine , Germany , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Austria , Netherlands , China , and the United States .

The stock market infrastructure is quite well developed in Nizhny Novgorod, and the exchange business is expanding. Companies and organizations registered in the region include 1153 joint-stock companies, 63 investment institutions, 34 commercial banks, 35 insurance companies, 1 voucher investment fund, 1 investment fund, 17 nongovernmental pension funds, 2 associations of professional stock market dealers, and 3 exchanges (stock, currency, and agricultural). The oblast is noted for having relatively highly developed market relations. Today, the region needs serious partners interested in equitable, long-term, mutually beneficial partnerships.

There are 650+ industrial companies in the region, [33] most of them engaged in the following sectors:

• Machine-building and engineering
• Chemical & petrochemical
• Fuel & energy
• Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
• Construction materials
• Wood and paper
• Cloth-making
• Food & food processing
• Medical & pharmaceuticals
• Printing & publishing.
• Peat extraction.

These key industries are supplemented by other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, trade, services, communications and transport.

• The Altsevo peat narrow gauge railway is located in the work settlement of Pizhma
• The Pizhemskaya narrow gauge railway is located in the work settlement of Pizhma
• The narrow gauge railway of Caprolactam factory is located in Dzerzhinsk
• The Kerzhenets peat narrow gauge railway is located in the Borsky District
• The narrow gauge railway of Decor-1 factory is located in the Arzamassky District

Narrow gauge railways in the region:

Related Research Articles

Kstovsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kstovsky Municipal District . It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,225 square kilometers (473 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kstovo. Population: 112,823 ; 46,759 (2002 Census) ; 47,917 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Kstovo accounts for 59.1% of the district's total population.

Chkalovsk is a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, 95 kilometers (59 mi) northwest of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 12,368.

Ardatovsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ardatovsky Municipal District . It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,887.6 square kilometers (728.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Ardatov. Population: 26,428 ; 30,346 (2002 Census) ; 32,361 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Ardatov accounts for 36.2% of the district's total population.

Arzamassky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Arzamassky Municipal District . It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,016.9 square kilometers (778.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Arzamas. Population: 43,723 ; 46,086 (2002 Census) ; 54,491 (1989 Soviet census) .

Bogorodsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Bogorodsky Municipal District . It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,459 square kilometers (563 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Bogorodsk. Population: 65,677 ; 30,864 (2002 Census) ; 33,693 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Bogorodsk accounts for 54.1% of the district's total population.

Buturlinsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Buturlinsky Municipal District . It is located in the southeastern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,105.2 square kilometers (426.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Buturlino. Population: 14,471 ; 16,723 (2002 Census) ; 16,792 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Buturlino accounts for 44.3% of the district's total population.

Gaginsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gaginsky Municipal District . It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,064.2 square kilometers (410.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Gagino. Population: 12,444 ; 15,079 (2002 Census) ; 17,473 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Gagino accounts for 31.3% of the district's total population.

Knyagininsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Knyagininsky Municipal District . It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 769.9 square kilometers (297.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Knyaginino. Population: 11,922 ; 12,758 (2002 Census) ; 12,827 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Knyaginino accounts for 56.3% of the district's total population.

Krasnooktyabrsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnooktyabrsky Municipal District . It is located in the southeast of the oblast.

Sechenovsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sechenovsky Municipal District . It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 991 square kilometers (383 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Sechenovo. Population: 15,446 ; 17,741 (2002 Census) ; 19,338 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Sechenovo accounts for 34.1% of the district's total population.

Sergachsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sergachsky Municipal District . It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,243.8 square kilometers (480.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sergach. Population: 31,296 ; 35,779 (2002 Census) ; 42,588 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Sergach accounts for 68.3% of the district's total population.

Shatkovsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Shatkovsky Municipal District . It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,440.7 square kilometers (556.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Shatki. Population: 27,018 ; 28,841 (2002 Census) ; 30,364 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Shatki accounts for 35.7% of the district's total population.

Tonkinsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Tonkinsky Municipal District . It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,018.5 square kilometers (393.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Tonkino. Population: 9,007 ; 11,097 (2002 Census) ; 12,551 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Tonkino accounts for 56.7% of the district's total population.

Tonshayevsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Tonshayevsky Municipal District . It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,353.1 square kilometers (908.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Tonshayevo. Population: 20,219 ; 20,038 (2002 Census) ; 19,588 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Tonshayevo accounts for 22.6% of the district's total population.

Urensky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Urensky Municipal District . It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,102.7 square kilometers (811.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uren. Population: 30,106 ; 32,045 (2002 Census) ; 36,847 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Uren accounts for 40.9% of the district's total population.

Vachsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vachsky Municipal District . It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 979.5 square kilometers (378.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Vacha. Population: 19,979 ; 23,349 (2002 Census) ; 29,198 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Vacha accounts for 30.0% of the district's total population.

Varnavinsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Varnavinsky Municipal District . It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,523.4 square kilometers (974.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Varnavino. Population: 13,366 ; 15,867 (2002 Census) ; 15,130 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Varnavino accounts for 26.0% of the district's total population.

Volodarsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Volodarsky Municipal District . It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,045.6 square kilometers (403.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Volodarsk. Population: 58,807 ; 59,498 (2002 Census) . The population of Volodarsk accounts for 16.9% of the district's total population.

Voskresensky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Voskresensky Municipal District . It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,554.5 square kilometers (1,372.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Voskresenskoye. Population: 21,645 ; 25,083 (2002 Census) ; 29,360 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Voskresenskoye accounts for 28.6% of the district's total population.

Arya is an urban locality in Urensky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: 5,015 (2010 Russian census) ; 5,016 (2002 Census) ; 5,481 (1989 Soviet census) .

• ↑ Президент Российской Федерации.   Указ   №849   от   13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу   13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.   20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.   Decree   # 849   of   May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District . Effective as of   May 13, 2000.).
• ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации.   №ОК 024-95   27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.   Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. ( Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.   # OK 024-95   December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.   Economic Regions , as amended by the Amendment   # 5/2001 OKER. ).
• ↑ Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Article   5.5
• 1 2 Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Article   21
• ↑ Official website of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Valery Pavlinovich Shantsev, Governor of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
• ↑ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)" . Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography . Archived from the original on February 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 29, 2023 .
• ↑ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved September 1, 2022 .
• ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article   68.1 of the Constitution of Russia .
• ↑ Т. Д. Николаенко . «Археологическая карта России: Нижегородская область» // Москва, 2004.
• ↑ Нижегородская губерния
• ↑ Нижегородская область - Нижегородский - Горьковский край - Горьковская - Нижегородская область
• ↑ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 22 октября 1990 года «О переименовании города Горького в город Нижний Новгород и Горьковской области в Нижегородскую область»" . Archived from the original on January 13, 2016 . Retrieved January 22, 2022 .
• ↑ "Общество | Информация о Нижегородской области | История Нижегородского края | Советский период | Административно-территориальное устройство" . Правительство Нижегородской области. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016 . Retrieved January 13, 2016 .
• ↑ Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики»
• ↑ Законы РСФСР/РФ 1990—1993 и поправки к ним до весны 1995
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [ All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers ] . Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly .
• ↑ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше" . Perepis-2010.ru. December 19, 2011. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018 . Retrieved August 13, 2012 .
• ↑ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022" . ROSSTAT . Archived from the original on March 2, 2023 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 .
• ↑ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022" . ROSSTAT . Archived from the original on March 2, 2023 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 .
• ↑ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [ Total fertility rate ] . Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023 . Retrieved August 10, 2023 .
• ↑ "Демографический ежегодник России" [ The Demographic Yearbook of Russia ] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) . Retrieved June 1, 2022 .
• ↑ Дарья ВЛАДИМИРОВА, "Стройки под особым контролем" [ permanent dead link ] , Rakurs, 30 June 2006
• ↑ "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" . Sreda, 2012.
• ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps . "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived .
• 1 2 Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia . Sreda.org
• ↑ "Nizhegorodskaya oblast, Russia guide" . russiatrek.org . Retrieved March 19, 2018 .
• ↑ "Nizhny Novgorod News Network – NN.NN.RU" . Government.nnov.ru . Retrieved August 13, 2012 .
• Законодательное Собрание Нижегородской области.   №219-З   30 декабря 2005 г. «Нижегородская область. Устав», в ред. Закона №91-З от   21 июня 2016 г   «О поправке к статье   6 Устава Нижегородской области». Вступил в силу   28   января 2006   г. Опубликован: "Правовая среда" (приложение к газете "Нижегородские новости"), №3(676), 18 января 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.   # 219-Z   December   30, 2005 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Charter , as amended by the Law   # 91-Z of   June   21, 2016 On the Amendment to Article   6 of the Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast . Effective as of   January   28, 2006.).
• Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch ; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). "Nizhniy-Novgorod (government)"   . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol.   19 (11th   ed.). pp.   720–721.
• Official website of the Government of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Archived November 13, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• Official website of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (in Russian)
• Nizhny Novgorod City Guide Travel and business guide to Nizhny Novgorod
• (in English) Central Eurasian Information Resource; Images of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast – University of Washington Digital Collections