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Meet Manta, a sea-cleaning sailboat that feeds on plastic waste

Each year, an estimated eight million tonnes of plastic end up in the ocean. According to the UN, if nothing is done, there will be more plastic waste than fish in the oceans by 2050.

Tired of hitting these floating objects during his races and seeing heavenly places turn into landfills, a French ocean adventurer Yvan Bourgnon decided to fight against this global scourge. He and his team have designed Manta, a giant, plastic-eating catamaran powered by renewable energy . The sea vessel literally scoops up plastic garbage and converts it into fuel to help power the boat.

Yvan Bourgnon – who has years of experience career racing sailing boats around the world’s oceans – is the mastermind behind the venture. A steady increase in encounters with floating fields of garbage in the ocean inspired him to start the SeaCleaners project and build Manta, a 56-meter (184 foot) catamaran powered by a combination of advanced sail technology and electric motors.

The giant sailing boat will be the first of its kind capable of collecting, processing, and recovering large quantities of marine plastic waste. Built from low-carbon steel, the Manta features a custom electric hybrid propulsion system that allows maneuvering at low speed for sensitive operations (such as the entry to and exit from ports), as well as waste collections, which are carried out at 2 or 3 knots. Agile and energy-efficient, the Manta can reach a top speed of over 12 knots.

Around 500kW of onboard renewable energy is generated via two wind turbines, 500 square meters of photovoltaic solar panels , two hydro-generators under the boat, and a waste-to-energy conversion unit (WECU). The power supply from renewable energy sources will allow the Manta to operate 75% of the time autonomously, without using fossil fuels, and with a minimal environmental footprint.

Thanks to a unique combination of collection means, the Manta will be able to pick up both floating macro-waste and smaller debris from 10 millimeters upwards and up to one meter deep. Depending on the density and closeness of the layers of waste, the ship can collect between 1 to 3 tonnes of waste per hour, with the objective of collecting 5 to 10,000 tonnes per year.

The Manta is the first self-sufficient workboat capable of processing 90 to 95% of the collected plastic waste whilst at sea. The waste-collecting conveyors – similar to the Ocean Cleanup project’s third-generation Interceptor vessel system – bring the waste on board. A waste sorting unit manually separates the waste according to its type. A waste-to-energy conversion unit then converts the collected waste into electricity through the process of pyrolysis, which, in turn, powers all of the Manta’s electrical equipment. This eco-friendly method emits hardly any CO2 or pollutants into the air.

Moreover, it can host international scientific missions, thanks to its onboard research facilities. 6 to 10 scientists at a time can come aboard the Manta for onboard assignments. The data collected will be completely accessible via Open data.

The Manta will intervene mainly in Asia, Africa, and South America in strategic areas where marine plastic pollution is particularly dense. The vessel will also be able to intervene quickly in polluted areas following a natural or climatic disaster (cyclones, tsunamis, etc.).

A shipyard is yet to be confirmed, but Bourgnon estimated a two year-build for the first model, with delivery scheduled for the end of 2024. The SeaCleaners project joins a surge of new initiatives aimed at clearing the oceans of plastic in recent years, such as the Ocean Cleanup project .

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Manta, the catamaran that feeds on ocean plastic.

Yvan Bourgnon , a French ocean adventurer, and his team have designed a ship that can collect plastic trash to keep it from ruining the world’s oceans and turns the same waste into fuel to help power the ship.

Yvan Bourgnon has spent his career racing sailboats around the world as a sailor. Over the years, he encountered floating garbage mats, more and more frequent.

That inspired his new adventure: the Manta, a 56-meter / 183-foot catamaran powered by a combination of high-tech sails and electric motors.

Right now, it only exists on the drawing board, but Bourgnon and his team hope to become a working prototype that can be released in 2024.

As the ship moves through the water, conveyor belts collect the waste, sort it, and then feed it into a burner. That will melt the plastic, producing gas that powers a turbine and, in turn, generates electricity for the ship’s systems to use.

That electricity, along with solar cells and wind turbines on the ship’s deck, will make the ship 70% self-sufficient in energy, according to Yvan Bourgnon.

If 400 of the ships were made, they could clean up a third of the plastic waste in the oceans.

According to conservative estimates by 2060, there will be three times more debris in the sea than now.

Crossing your arms and saying “No, we will do nothing, we will leave it, we will focus on the mainland, we will leave the waste in the ocean” is totally irresponsible, “says Yvan Bourgnon

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French sailor pushes back at doubters of his Northwest Passage exploits

Yvan bourgnon sailed the northwest passage in a cabinless catamaran in 2017.

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The man at the centre of a Northwest Passage controversy says he isn't a cheat or a liar — and he never claimed to have set a record with his 2017 solo crossing in a catamaran.

Yvan Bourgnon of France says he's shocked by accusations circulating in French media that he embellished the facts of his crossing, cheated on a record attempt and then tried to cover it up.

Sure, he tried to make the story come alive for those he told it to, said Bourgnon — who wouldn't, after navigating 7,500 kilometres of treacherous Arctic waters in a boat with no cabin?

"Isn't that what every adventurer does when he describes his journey?" Bourgnon said in a written response to the accusations.

"Telling, making the story come alive to share it, giving it meaning, making people feel the moment — this is the very nature of adventure storytelling and in no case does it deserve to be accused of cheating or lying."

At the heart of this odd controversy are headlines and articles in French newspapers that conflate two subjects: a lawsuit that's currently before the French courts, and accusations that he fabricated or lied about aspects of his trip.

A meeting in Taloyoak

Bourgnon spent 71 days at sea aboard his catamaran, Ma Louloutte , starting in July 2017. 

On his website , the skipper compiles a list of highlights from the trip: falling overboard at Prudhoe Bay, colliding with a walrus after Bellot Strait, and finding a polar bear with its paws on Ma Louloutte 's deck near Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut.

On Sept. 26, 2022, the French daily Le Figaro published an investigation casting doubt on some of those claims. The investigation questioned Bourgnon's polar bear encounter, pointing to the absence of scratch marks on the catamaran, and questioned why the onboard cameras that were being used for a documentary all went down at Bellot Strait (which Bourgnon says was due to the difficulty of charging batteries on board).

It also resurrected claims Bourgnon had lied about setting a formal record for the first solo crossing in a cabinless catamaran, which would have required him to sail the route unaided without setting foot on land.

It points to time he spent in Taloyoak, Nunavut, and help he apparently received from some other sailors, accusing him of trying to hide both facts so he could claim to have made history as the first person to sail the Northwest Passage solo in a catamaran.

It cites an email where Bourgnon apparently asked Pierre Guyot — the documentary film producer now suing him — to be discreet about a meeting they had in Taloyoak where Bourgnon spent several days.

In an interview, Bourgnon told CBC he never tried to hide the fact he stayed in Taloyoak. He wrote openly about it in his 2018 memoir, Conquerant des glaces , where he described sleeping in a "hut" for four nights.

Despite having given an interview to Radio-Canada in September 2017 where he described his journey as an attempt to set a record, Bourgnon told CBC the record in question was just a dream — one that he knew had failed when he stopped in Taloyoak.

Because of that, he never asked for the record to be certified, he said.

"I said, 'OK, I put my feet on the land, so I didn't respect the things to make a record,'" Bourgnon said.

"For me, it was not the main thing. The main thing was to do an adventure, to do a challenge, to be alone with a small beach catamaran there."

However, his website describes him as "the first skipper to achieve the Northwest Passage on a single-handed sport catamaran, without cockpit or assistance," and so does the website for the Bimedia Challenge — which is the challenge he had undertaken.

Chuck Pizzo-Lyall, the mayor of Taloyoak, remembers meeting Bourgnon and Guyot when they stopped there in August 2017. He said Bourgnon spent about a week in the community.

There's a little secluded bay nearby, where boats can take shelter from big winds and waves. Pizzo-Lyall said he helped tow them into that safe harbour, and later gave Bourgnon a tow back out.

"We watched him take off into the horizon," he recalled.

Pizzo-Lyall said he thought Bourgnon's journey was a "very amazing feat."

"I'm really glad he made it … Doing it alone has its own mental health challenges, especially if you're facing the North — whether it's the weather or mental wellbeing of being alone out there, polar bears and all this wildlife we have in the North that's basically bigger and can eat you no problem," he said.

The lawsuit

Bourgnon faces a lawsuit in relation to his Northwest Passage crossing — essentially, a fight over who owns the rights to images filmed during his journey for use in a documentary, he said.

That case was heard by Paris's intellectual property court on Oct. 6, and a decision is expected on Dec. 6.

Pierre Guyot — who Bourgnon says was a longtime friend before they had a falling-out — and French production company 10-7 Productions are suing Bourgnon for 280,000 euros (nearly $380,000 CAD).

Reached in Paris, Jean Aittouares, one of Guyot's lawyers, told CBC that Bourgnon had tried to get Guyot to hide some of the aspects of the trip — such as that fateful stopover in Taloyoak that disqualified Bourgnon from setting a record. Guyot didn't want to lie, and the resulting conflict between them stopped Guyot from making his documentary, Aittouares said — then, without credit or permission, Bourgnon used the images from the trip for his own profit.

"He trampled on the work of Guyot at the start, ousted him to punish him for his integrity, then violated his rights by exploiting the documentary for his personal needs and to derive personal income from it," Aittouares said in French. 

"Then he implicated Guyot in what had already cost him his participation in the film by making him endorse the lie he had made."

Bourgnon said the courts are only deciding on the issue of rights, not ruling on any of the other accusations. 

The passage

The Northwest Passage is a notoriously difficult voyage. This year, two Brazilian sailors tried the feat in a catamaran but had to turn back before they finished, citing the shifting season and bad weather.

The first successful sail-powered crossing by catamaran, which began in 1986 and spanned three summers, documented the dangers of the trip as well. Sailor Jeff MacInnis wrote of bears, blizzards and 15-foot waves in his memoir, Polar Passage .

And of course, the famous 19th-century Arctic expedition of John Franklin trying to discover the Northwest Passage ended with the deaths of him and his crew, and still fuels the imaginations of explorers today.

Sailors regularly put in at Nunavut's communities along the way. In September, a Texan sailor who had hoped to do part of the Northwest Passage had to seek help from residents in Kugluktuk after his boat cracked.

• 'I love you guys': Texan boater praises generous help received in Nunavut
• Arctic's sea ice cover reached one of its lowest levels this month in part of Northwest Passage

Bourgnon said his journey and stopover in Taloyoak gave him the chance to meet and speak with Inuit and discuss his great passion: the ocean. Those talks gave him perspective, he said, for his ecological work with The SeaCleaners, which works to protect oceans from plastic pollution.

"I had a very good experience" he said. "It was very interesting to talk with them and to understand what is happening."

As for Chuck Pizzo-Lyall, Taloyoak's mayor, he said he welcomes the interest of navigators in the area, but admits the recent increase in maritime traffic worries him.

"Trying to rescue someone by boat who is 200 miles from our community can be very complicated," he said. "The weather fluctuates wildly here."

Corrections

• An earlier version of this story misspelled the name of author Jeff MacInnis. It has been updated. Oct 16, 2022 10:52 AM CT

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

April Hudson is the senior digital producer for CBC North. She is based in Yellowknife. Reach her at [email protected].

With files from Matisse Harvey

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Inside the 56 metre plastic waste-consuming sailing catamaran concept Manta

An eco-friendly sailing yacht concept named Manta that scoops up plastic oceanic waste and converts it into fuel has been revealed.

Presented by The SeaCleaners and French adventurer Yvan Bourgnon, the 56 metre sailing catamaran is capable of collecting and processing large amounts of marine plastic waste. 

A total of 20 companies and five research laboratories have collaborated on the design and development of the boat across a period of three years. It is hoped a shipyard can be selected to build the project later this year with the launch scheduled for 2024. 

Manta will feature a customised hybrid system as well as 1,500 square metres of sails operating on automated rigging and electric motors. Other energy equipment on board will include two wind turbines, hydro generators and 500 square metres of solar panels. 

The catamaran will be capable of collecting floating waste from 10mm to one metre below the surface at a rate of one to three tons per hour moving at a speed of two to three knots. It will operate mainly in Asia, Africa and South America.

As well as collecting and converting plastic waste, it is hoped Manta will be used as a scientific laboratory for the analysis of ocean plastic pollution.  

With a beam 26 metres, Manta can carry a total of 34 people on board. This includes 22 crew members with three operators for waste sorting and two operators for waste-to-energy conversion. A total of 12 passengers can be accommodated on board, including up to 10 scientists.

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Yvan Bourgnon and the North-West Passage

He did it!!!! Yvan Bourgnon just made the North-West Passage on a sport cat.

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7,500 km singlehanded to reach the Atlantic, leaving from the Pacific, via the legendary north-west passage. This is Yvan Bourgnon’s extraordinary adventure which took more than two months. Leaving at the beginning of July, Yvan had to face polar bears, icebergs and above all singlehanded sailing on a sport cat which is not – in principle – built to go sailing among the ice.

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Yvan Bourgon embarks on a new challenge: around the world in the opposite direct

Yvan Bourgnon  accumulates performances and records, yet he does not intend to stop there. Instead, he continues along his encouraging path, aiming at a new challenge:  The Global Challenge.

This namerefers to an extremely difficult and demanding adventure as much to the sailor as to his boat. It is indeed a matter of  circum navigating the world in the opposite direction . In other words, from West to East.

This planet tour in the opposite direction is the promise of having to face winds and particularly virulent waves, notably during the roaring 50s passage. The complexity of the business is all the more important when we start to sail, and especially on a multihull where stability is less forthcoming than with other types of boats. Today, however, the technological progress in the field (design, materials used…), as well as the improvements in terms of weather forecasts, allow for greater ambitions in this area. That ambition, precisely, Yvan Bourgnon has never missed, he who has recently performed a radiant performance on the sea. This includes the success of the 47 year-old French-Swiss skipper during the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, via the Arctic islands of the Canadian North in September 2017. He was then in control of his “Louloute”, a 6.30 m sport  catamaran . This summer, Yvan Bourgnon was again spotted in the company of his son Mathis twice: the crossing of the Mediterranean in July, breaking the record of Vittorio and Nico Malingri on that occasion, as well as that of the English Channel between Cowes and Dinard, improving here again the best time achieved until then.

Forward Sailing  was alongside  Yvan Bourgnon  during these challenges and hopes to do the same when he embarks on the Global Challenge experience. To do so, the Neuchâtel intends to buy Francis Joyon’s former IDEC trimaran. With its 30 meters long, 16.5 meters wide and 11 tons, it was used to break 9 records and seems to be the ideal boat for such a grandiose challenge.

The objective for the sea adventurer is to circumnavigate the world in the opposite direction in less than 100 days and before the end of 2019.

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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The Sea Cleaners

He often, during his transoceanic races in multihull, struck unidentified floating objects. Just In 2015, when the boat with which he participated in the Transat Jacques Vabre collided with a container, forcing him to abandon the race. Confronted brutally with ocean pollution during this incident but also during his recent World Tour in sport catamaran, Yvan BOURGNON decided to ACT. With the creation of his association “THE SEA CLEANERS” dedicated to the fight against ocean pollution, he embarked on the construction of a revolutionary ship “LE MANTA”, collector of plastic waste. After a Crowdfunding campaign in France and Switzerland, he launched the preliminary and detailed studies of the ship in preparation for construction in 2020-2021.

A revolutionary ship to clean the oceans

MANTA owes its name to the Manta Ray for its ability to filter water. This ship project aims to collect ocean plastics closer to the source of the spill, near the coast of the countries that produce the most marine plastic waste or in natural concentration areas (currents).

Indeed, only a ship offers the mobility necessary for rapid movements to plastic banks still concentrated by winds and currents, before they begin their oceanic drifts towards the “plastic continents”. This mobility also makes it possible to intervene on the high seas, where the ocean depth makes it impossible to anchor to the bottom of the sea and where an accidentally immersed container may have released its cargo of plastic objects. In terms of propulsion, the use of Kite-Wing (kite) combined with a rigging system supporting classic sails, or simply a fully electric solar wind and tidal propulsion are under study. The goal is to reduce the carbon footprint to a minimum.

A unique collection system

The waste collection system is the focus of attention. Everything remains to be invented. The consulting firms are mobilized to develop an innovative and effective solution for collecting waste at sea. The width of the system will be decisive, but not only. The effectiveness of the collector will also depend on its ability to quickly bring the waste back on board. The device will have very little draft to allow the aquatic fauna to escape. An electronic sound emission device will also allow the marine wildlife to move away from the ship, in order to avoid accidental fishing. A pre-sorting system on board will count this device.  

Collected data will be published in Open DATA

The action of The Sean Cleaners is located downstream of pollution. Prevention should be a much better way to combat this pollution, to prevent any plastic waste from entering the ocean, should be the only solution to implement. Unfortunately all forecasts, even the most optimistic do not let us predict a real improvement for decades. It is therefore necessary to combine upstream and downstream actions. This being the case, the collection of waste by the Manta will be the object of all the attention in terms of geolocation, quantification and qualification of the waste. The data will be formatted in Open Data and provided to the entire international community.

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Out of the Centre

Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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